{"id":64124,"date":"2022-12-14T12:30:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-14T05:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/?p=64124"},"modified":"2023-04-06T15:46:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:46:40","slug":"mot-so-phuong-phap-chiet-va-lam-sach-mau-trong-viec-xac-du-luong-thuoc-bao-ve-thuc-vat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/uncategorized-vi\/mot-so-phuong-phap-chiet-va-lam-sach-mau-trong-viec-xac-du-luong-thuoc-bao-ve-thuc-vat\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P CHI\u1ebeT V\u00c0 L\u00c0M S\u1ea0CH M\u1eaaU TRONG VI\u1ec6C X\u00c1C D\u01af L\u01af\u1ee2NG THU\u1ed0C B\u1ea2O V\u1ec6 TH\u1ef0C V\u1eacT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m, di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf…, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf… \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau. Do t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111ang phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u cho n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec ch\u1ee9a thu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t xu\u1ed1ng k\u00eanh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng quy trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c BVTV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1edbt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Chi\u1ebft r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng SLE (solid – liquid extraction)<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu r\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean dung m\u00f4i chi\u1ebft len l\u1ecfi s\u00e2u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111i v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i chi\u1ebft. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn dung m\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebft. Khi t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu r\u1eafn, t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong chi\u1ebft r\u1eafn l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eafc, chi\u1ebft soxhlet, \u0111\u00e1nh si\u00eau \u00e2m, microwave. M\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eafc<\/strong>: l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cho dung m\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ed3i l\u1eafc trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1eafc v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh si\u00eau \u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t, gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u1eabu, t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 t\u0155nh chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebft soxhlet<\/strong>:  khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia nhi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebft l\u00e2u, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn dung m\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng microwave<\/strong>: M\u1eabu v\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng vi s\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft soxhlet tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebft (th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 15 ph\u00fat) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung m\u00f4i chi\u1ebft so v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft soxhlet (dung m\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 25-50ml).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng <\/a>LLE (liquid-liquid extraction)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cao. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean 2 lo\u1ea1i dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e1i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 dung m\u00f4i m\u1ed7i pha, s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebft m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu: n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c cao th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 atrazine trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 90% nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u0111\u00f3 desisopropylatrazine (16%), desethylatrazine (46%), hydroxyatrazine (46%). \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i, ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i pH \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ion h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit, baz\u01a1 hay th\u00eam mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qua t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 pH l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u dung m\u00f4i g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa 2 pha, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1edbp nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m th\u1eddi gian cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y chi ph\u00ed cao t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn <\/a>SPE (solid phase extraction)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ecfng, chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1i l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n  t\u00edch gi\u1eefa hai pha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho qua ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 r\u1eafn (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 r\u1eafn ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion hay \u00e1i l\u1ef1c) nh\u1ed3i trong c\u1ed9t. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi pha r\u1eafn h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111i qua c\u1ed9t. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda v\u1edbi dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ecb gi\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf dung m\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u m\u1eabu nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn dung m\u00f4i, \u00edt g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft SPE, m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebft SPE l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn pha r\u1eafn h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4.  K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu l\u1ecfng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c. M\u1ea1ch n-alkyl g\u1eafn tr\u00ean silica nh\u01b0 C8, C18 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trung b\u00ecnh. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c Van der Waals v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1eabu qua c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0: methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t s\u1ebd cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m styrene divinylbenzene g\u1eafn tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n polymer. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u d\u1ea1ng ion hay d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ion h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion. \u1ede m\u1ed9t pH nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng ion v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 pH th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t cho ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ion hay ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ion h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu m\u00e0 trong n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ion h\u1eefu c\u01a1. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ion h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 l\u00ean c\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6. Chi\u1ebft vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha r\u1eafn SPME (solid phase micro extraction)<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p thu kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft. S\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft silica \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp pha t\u0129nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t s\u1eafc k\u00fd, s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kim b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebft pha r\u1eafn, chi\u1ebft SPME c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 pha t\u0129nh. Chi\u1ebft vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebft<\/strong>: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu r\u1eafn), ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1eabu. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u1ecd k\u00edn, c\u1eafm c\u00e2y kim v\u00e0o l\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00ean pha t\u0129nh ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong kim b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha t\u0129nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. B\u1ec1 d\u00e0y pha t\u0129nh ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p c\u1ee7a pha t\u0129nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebft, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebft, pH c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p<\/strong>: c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o pha t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf bu\u1ed3ng ti\u00eam m\u1eabu s\u1eafc k\u00fd kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n pha \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong> Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1eabu c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n mong nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ThS. Phan Nguy\u1ec5n Thu Xu\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n H\u00f3a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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