{"id":63723,"date":"2022-11-09T23:23:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T16:23:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/?p=63723"},"modified":"2022-11-09T23:26:12","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T16:26:12","slug":"5-ban-dap-ve-incoterms-co-the-ban-chua-biet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/tin-tuc-logistics\/5-ban-dap-ve-incoterms-co-the-ban-chua-biet\/","title":{"rendered":"5 &#8220;b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p&#8221; v\u1ec1 incoterms c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>N\u0103m 2021, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u0103m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t nam, \u201ckim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 331,1 t\u1ef7 USD, t\u0103ng 17,2% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020\u201d theo <a href=\"https:\/\/vneconomy.vn\/ban-dap-tang-toc-xuat-khau-nam-2021-tu-xuc-tien-thuong-mai-so.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>b\u00e1o vneconomy<\/strong><\/a> chia s\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng &nbsp;c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u201cquy t\u1eafc\u201d qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Incoterms. Li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft incoterms l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a incoterms ra sao? &nbsp;B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u201ct\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt\u201d v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 incoterm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-1-1024x512.png\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-58868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-1-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-1.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>incoterms <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>1. Incoterms l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Incoterm l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc chung cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cInternational Commercial Terms\u201d, b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y &nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u1ed9 incoterms n\u00e0y&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, giao v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan. Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ee7i ro,&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a incoterms.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh &nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c &nbsp;th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a &nbsp;ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u201cch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin cu\u0300ng v\u01a1\u0301i s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf,&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Song song \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i k\u00e8m.&nbsp;V\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sau chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (Commercial Trade Terms).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"637\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-2-1.png\" alt=\"incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-58869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-2-1.png 637w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-2-1-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc chung cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u0309 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Incoterms \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eb1m thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho b\u00ean b\u00e1n l\u1eabn b\u00ean mua. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><em>Li\u0323ch s\u01b0\u0309 hi\u0300nh tha\u0300nh cu\u0309a Incomterms:<\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>N\u0103m 1936: Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft ICC: International Chamber of Commerce) c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Paris. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Incoterm \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. <\/li><li>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n &nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Incoterms n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef R b\u00ean ph\u00eda trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u2013 \u00ae \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m &nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m FAS (giao d\u1ecdc m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u), FOB(giao h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u). C &amp; F (gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ed), CIF (ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed). Ex Ship (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i t\u00e0u) v\u00e0 Ex Quay (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng).<\/li><li>N\u0103m 1953: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n &nbsp;chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 2 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1953 th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung cho v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/li><li>N\u0103m 1967: Ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 &nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Incoterm. DAF v\u00e0 DDP l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn) v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng th\u00ea\u0301, Incoterms \u0111a\u0303 th\u00eam nh\u01b0\u0303ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u khoa\u0309n kha\u0301c va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng l\u00e2\u0300n s\u01b0\u0309a ba\u0309n sau na\u0300y k\u00ea\u0309 t\u01b0\u0300 n\u0103m 1967 tr\u01a1\u0309 \u0111i:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>N\u0103m 1976: FOB (giao h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li><li>N\u0103m 1980: Nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng container ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 FRC -Giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li><li>N\u0103m 1990: Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 13 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li><li>N\u0103m 2000: Ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u1eefa b\u00ean b\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00ean mua. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/li><li>N\u0103m 2010: Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n incoterms 2010 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/li><li>N\u0103m 2020: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01\/01\/2020 v\u1edbi 11 quy t\u1eafc: EXW (giao t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng), FCA (giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf), FAS ( giao d\u1ecdc m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u), FOB( giao h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u). CPT (c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi), CFR (ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed), CIP (c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi), CIF ( ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed), DAP (giao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m), DPU (giao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng), DDP (giao \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Incoterm t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>3. Incoterms qua c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4><em>Incoterms qua t\u01b0\u0300ng n\u0103m va\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng l\u00e2\u0300n s\u01b0\u0309a \u0111\u00f4\u0309i:<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms n\u0103m 1936: <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1936 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y. Bao g\u1ed3m 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<br>\u2022 EXW: giao t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br>\u2022 FCA: giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf.<br>\u2022 FOT\/FOR: giao l\u00ean t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa.<br>\u2022 FAS: giao d\u1ecdc m\u1ea1n t\u00e0u.<br>\u2022 FOB: giao l\u00ean t\u00e0u.<br>\u2022 C&amp;F: ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed.<br>\u2022 CIF: ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms 1953<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p> Bao g\u1ed3m 9 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n:<br>\u2022 B\u00f4\u0309 sung th\u00eam 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n DES (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i t\u00e0u) &amp; DEQ ( giao tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng).<br>\u2022 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf Incoterm 1936.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>N\u0103m 1967 (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea7n 1 cho incoterms 1953) <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m:<br>\u2022 9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i incoterm 1953<br>\u2022 B\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: DAF (giao t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi), DDP (giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>N\u0103m 1976 ( s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea7n 2 cho incoterms 1953)<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m:<br>\u2022 11 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea7n 1.<br>\u2022 B\u1ed5 sung 1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: FOA (giao l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay). Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<br>Incoterms 1980 Bao g\u1ed3m:<br>\u2022 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u0103m 1976<br>\u2022 B\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: CIP (c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi) v\u00e0 CPT (c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed tr\u1ea3 t\u1edbi).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms 1990 <\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 13 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br>\u2022 B\u1ecf 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: FOA v\u00e0 FOT.<br>\u2022 B\u1ed5 sung \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n DDU (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a n\u1ed9p ph\u00ed).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms 2000<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean 13 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a incoterm 1990 nh\u01b0ng s\u1eeda n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a FCA, FAS, DEQ<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms 2010<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2000: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU th\u00e0nh 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 DAT (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng) &amp; DAP (giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong><em>Incoterms 2020<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Incoterm 2020 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef 11 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 2010 nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n DAT v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n DPU (giao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>4. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i incoterm:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 incoterms 2020, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-3-1.png\" alt=\"B\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-58870\" width=\"701\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-3-1.png 940w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-3-1-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/asprou.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/incoterms-3-1-768x644.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n theo 4 nh\u00f3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>4.1 nh\u00f3m &nbsp;term E:&nbsp;<\/em> EXW (Ex works &#8211; giao t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng):  <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4m na \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hay nh\u00e0 kho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u1ea3i quan, v\u1eadn ta\u0309i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>4.2 nh\u00f3m &nbsp;term F: <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u &nbsp;\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u00f3m t\u00e2m F g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 FAS, FOB, FCA. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u F l\u00e0 Free (l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>4.3 nh\u00f3m &nbsp;term C: <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c. &nbsp;&nbsp;Bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, thu\u00ea t\u00e0u,&#8230;nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 CPT, CIP, CIF.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>4.4 nh\u00f3m &nbsp;term D: <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m DPU, DDP, DAP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>5. C\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 incoterms:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>5.1 Incoterms ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Incoterms l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. <\/li><li>N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, &nbsp;gi\u1eefa ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khi hai b\u00ean b\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00ean mua \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u00f9ng nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 quy t\u1eafc trong Incoterms.<\/li><li>Incoterms ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean n\u00e0o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng,&#8230;<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u kho, l\u01b0u b\u00e3i, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n&#8230;  v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>5.2 C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 &nbsp;nh\u1eefng chia s\u1ebb \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, incoterms c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng incoterms n\u00e0o &nbsp;c\u1ea7n &nbsp;ghi r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y sai s\u00f3t k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>5.3 C\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a incoterms:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n incoterms c\u0169 &nbsp;v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng incoterms n\u0103m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n &nbsp;l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 theo quy t\u1eafc d\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n incoterm + \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh + phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n incoterms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>5.4 V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 &nbsp;g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u &nbsp;l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i dung ghi trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n incoterms \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eadt c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai s\u00f3t x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><em>5.5 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a:<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 incoterms ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ee7i ro h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Hay m\u1ecdi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Incoterms l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc gi\u00fap cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Song song, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm r\u00f5 incoterms \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng linh ho\u1ea1t trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 khi c\u1ea7n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110o\u0323c th\u00eam ca\u0301c ba\u0300i vi\u00ea\u0301t kha\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 Logistics<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/asprou.com\/category\/tin-tuc-logistics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> ta\u0323i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u0103m 2021, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u0103m kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":58868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":""},"categories":[246],"tags":[2278,767],"yoast_head":"\n<title>5 &quot;b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p&quot; v\u1ec1 incoterms c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Incoterms l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. 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