{"id":62307,"date":"2022-09-06T08:41:45","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T01:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/?p=62307"},"modified":"2023-04-06T15:46:48","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:46:48","slug":"cong-nghe-in-3d-va-mot-so-ung-dung-trong-nghien-cuu-thuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/khoa-duoc\/tin-tuc-khoa-duoc\/cong-nghe-in-3d-va-mot-so-ung-dung-trong-nghien-cuu-thuoc\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 IN 3D V\u00c0 M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 \u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG TRONG NGHI\u00caN C\u1ee8U THU\u1ed0C"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cin 3D\u201d(3D printing) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u201cin nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u201d (rapid prototyping),\u201ct\u1ea1o v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 do\u201d (solid free form fabrication) hay \u201cch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp\u201d(additive manufacturing) [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIn 3D\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in 3D \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a in 3D trong y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 [2]. Trong 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u0103m 2009, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 in 3D h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tham gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, in 3D tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 hay m\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch in 3D \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y -sinh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ecfng, gh\u00e9p m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c [3], [2], [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c in 3D l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1996 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi thu\u1ed1c. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng,s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 in 3D l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n