{"id":61503,"date":"2022-08-15T12:41:54","date_gmt":"2022-08-15T05:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/?p=61503"},"modified":"2023-04-06T15:46:50","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:46:50","slug":"xu-huong-su-dung-my-pham-nam-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/khoa-duoc\/xu-huong-su-dung-my-pham-nam-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"XU H\u01af\u1edaNG S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG M\u1ef8 PH\u1ea8M N\u0102M 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi BCC research, ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a n\u0103m 2004 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 doanh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t 45,5 t\u1ef7 USD v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 9,5%, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t 72 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2009. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Packaged Facts, doanh s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cosmeceutical (t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb) n\u0103m 2004 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 doanh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t 12,4 t\u1ef7 USD (trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da chi\u1ebfm 6,4 t\u1ef7 USD) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 16 t\u1ef7 USD n\u0103m 2010. Doanh s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t 230 t\u1ef7 USD h\u00e0ng n\u0103m [1].<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 d\u00f2ng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: D\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u2192 D\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u201clai\u201d n\u00ean ch\u00fang v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb gi\u00fap l\u00e0n da \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: l\u00e3o h\u00f3a da, gi\u1ea3m vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee5n, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ea1m n\u00e1m\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd d\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2192 H\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m: D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea1o m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p da\u2026 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1ng s\u00e1p, b\u1ed9t, d\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1ch b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng dung d\u1ecbch (solution):<\/strong> l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u tan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 tinh d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y trang, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa h\u1ed3ng\u2026 Khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean da m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong dung m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p dung m\u00f4i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, dung m\u00f4i k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a tan. Solution th\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00f4i \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng (emulsion):<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nhau, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1eefa t\u1eafm; c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da nh\u01b0 kem d\u01b0\u1ee1ng da, kem gi\u1eef \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00f3c. Nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0169 d\u1ecbch) l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a hai pha\/ dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t pha kh\u00e1c. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i, hai pha kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh pha n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 pha d\u1ea7u, khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ki\u1ec3u nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Pha d\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 paraffin, vaseline, d\u1ea7u, tinh d\u1ea7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n d\u1ea7u; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i pha n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed3n, glycerin, polyethylene glycol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u1ea7u hay d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nh\u0169 h\u00f3a. Ki\u1ec3u nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n do gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi da do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai pha, l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t (surfactant, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n nh\u0169 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00e2n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa 2 pha, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: khi r\u1eeda tay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft do c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2n d\u1ea7u, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eeda, k\u00e9o theo c\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 tay d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c pha n\u01b0\u1edbc, pha d\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c pha l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 pH m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee1 (ointment), kem (cream) v\u00e0 lotion. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng m\u1ee1<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eddn, b\u1ebft d\u00ednh, kh\u00f3 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c khi b\u00f4i l\u00ean da v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam nang l\u00f4ng. D\u1ea1ng m\u1ee1 h\u1ea5p thu ch\u1eadm nh\u01b0ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p thu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ecb m\u1ee5n, tr\u1ecb n\u00e1m da. V\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n \u00edt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng, d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c da qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4, v\u00f9ng da d\u00e0y nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi d\u00f9ng da c\u00f3 t\u00f3c th\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kem<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1n r\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa pha d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 pha n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt trung b\u00ecnh, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng m\u1ec1m. D\u1ea1ng kem h\u1ea5p thu nhanh, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea9m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Cream \u00edt b\u00f3ng nh\u1eddn, t\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ee1 n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao, l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng da, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng lotion<\/em><\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan chi\u1ebfm > 50%, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch, h\u1ea5p thu r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng tr\u00ean da. B\u00e0o ch\u1ebf d\u1ea1ng lotion th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n do n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n cream n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng da c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng, d\u1ec5 t\u00e1n thu\u1ed1c n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00f4i tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thu\u1ed1c b\u00f4i lotion c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng gel<\/strong> l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1n r\u1eafn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o gel v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 3 chi\u1ec1u, trong ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. So v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 cream, gel ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng pha lo\u00e3ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4 nhanh khi b\u00f4i, th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ecbu tr\u00ean da, \u00edt g\u00e2y nh\u1eddn. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong, gel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hydrogel (ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc) ho\u1eb7c oleogel (ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u). Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gel m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 proniosomal gels, emulgels\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch. H\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch (suspension) <\/strong>l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee1 micromet, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch treo. H\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 tan th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1ng nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn (solid):<\/strong> c\u00e1c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t (ph\u1ea5n r\u00f4m tr\u1ebb em), d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00e1nh (ph\u1ea5n trang \u0111i\u1ec3m), d\u1ea1ng que (m\u00e0u k\u1ebb m\u1eaft), d\u1ea1ng th\u1ecfi (son m\u00f4i)\u2026 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ecbn, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00e9n, \u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng sol kh\u00ed (aerosol):<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong m\u1ed9t bao b\u00ec k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun, \u0111\u1ea9y ra b\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea9y (propellant), l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n hay kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng; ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hydrocarbon kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 propan ho\u1eb7c butan. X\u1ecbt kho\u00e1ng, x\u1ecbt ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng, x\u1ecbt d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea9m\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed dung. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thu\u1ed1c b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 solution v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t tan l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan trong dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7n d\u1ecbch, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, thu\u1ed1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e1t khi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng nh\u1eddn. Tuy nhi\u00ean do dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 alcol n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng r\u00e1t khi b\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 nh\u0169 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng b\u1ecdt. D\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t dung n\u1ea1p \u1edf v\u00f9ng t\u00f3c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng da \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serum l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng trong \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. D\u1ea1ng b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 nhanh v\u00e0o da, cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1edbm trong khi \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u00f3ng nh\u1eddn \u1edf tr\u00ean da.Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng gel, cream nh\u1eb9, d\u1ea7u. V\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 cao n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1edbt khi d\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n massage \u0111\u1ec1u sau b\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 3-5 gi\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essence l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng serum nh\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea9m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ampoule c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 serum nh\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da v\u00e0 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m (make up) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da (Skin care)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch da, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 da chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u. T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c da s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n