{"id":10191,"date":"2020-04-27T15:15:10","date_gmt":"2020-04-27T08:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/?p=10191"},"modified":"2023-04-06T15:46:58","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T08:46:58","slug":"duoc-ly-duoc-lam-sang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asprou.com\/khoa-duoc\/gioi-thieu-khoa-duoc\/duoc-ly-duoc-lam-sang\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00dd- D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc (Pharmacology) l\u00e0 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c bao h\u00e0m m\u1ecdi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xoay quanh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 th\u00f4ng tin, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n  \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho b\u00e1c s\u0129, gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\/ D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00dd H\u1eccC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (Pharmacology) l\u00e0 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ecdi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1ed1c <\/strong>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u00fac v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh \u1edf l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan. Thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (c\u00e2y Canhkina, c\u00e2y Ba g\u1ea1c), t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt (insulin chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ee5y t\u1ea1ng b\u00f2, l\u1ee3n), t\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, kim lo\u1ea1i (kaolin, thu\u1ef7 ng\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0ng) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ampicillin, sulfamid).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean s\u00fac v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, li\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, g\u00e2y qu\u00e1i thai, g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m (Experimental pharmacology). Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean s\u00fac v\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u00fac v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ; v\u00ec v\u1eady sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean s\u00fac v\u1eadt, thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed tr\u00ean nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c v\u1edd (placebo, gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c), nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p trong th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean s\u00fac v\u1eadt (bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v.v….). Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong> (Clinical pharmacology).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 sinh l\u00fd, sinh h\u00f3a, sinh h\u1ecdc, di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc… \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, gi\u00fap cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n chia th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (Pharmacodynamics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i thu\u1ed1c, tu\u1ef3 theo li\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm, \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed7i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c (bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1c…), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n hay t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/strong> (Pharmacokinetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p thu, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (u\u1ed1ng, ti\u00eam b\u1eafp, ti\u00eam t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch…), s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c trong ng\u00e0y, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (tu\u1ed5i, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh l\u00fd…)
D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc<\/strong> (Chronopharmacology) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecbp sinh h\u1ecdc trong ng\u00e0y, trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m … C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp sinh h\u1ecdc (trong ng\u00e0y, trong th\u00e1ng, trong n\u0103m). T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nh\u1ecbp n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong> (Pharmacogenetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n di truy\u1ec1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu G6PD r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u tan m\u00e1u do d\u00f9ng sulfamid, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t… ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd di truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u00f4n giao thoa gi\u1eefa D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd – Di truy\u1ec1n – H\u00f3a sinh v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/strong> hay C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c (Pharmacovigilance) chuy\u00ean thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n (ngo\u1ea1i \u00fd) x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n hay \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Phenacetin l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 s\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i 75 n\u0103m sau khi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c; sau 30 n\u0103m m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a amidopyrin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean khoa s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt” k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean sau khi h\u1ecdc xong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:                           – Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– K\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0111\u00fang chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u0169.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\/ D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG                                                                                      <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng                                    <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef0 RA \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A D\u01af\u1ee2C L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG                                                                   <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u, h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf\u2026. DLS  l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1edbi manh nha t\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p D\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu\u1ed1c\u2026.., t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xoay quanh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p D\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i t\u00ean hay v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng sinh m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, sinh l\u00fd.. v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ea m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, an to\u00e0n, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1c s\u0129 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng suy gan s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c\u2026Ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n khi v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c c\u0169 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c ra sao.. . Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00fac n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 th\u00f4ng tin, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n  \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho b\u00e1c s\u0129, gi\u00fap b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ca kh\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u h\u1eb9p c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed1c trong m\u00e1u\u2026..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m, nh\u00e0 an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60, sang th\u1eadp ni\u00ean th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 70 th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t nam d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf  tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i  t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1993, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A: <\/em><\/strong>D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong y v\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean khoa y t\u1ebf m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
– Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 \u1edf b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.
– \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2m S\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong>
\u2022    M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c.
\u2022    C\u00f2n \u201cD\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng\u201d nghi\u00eang nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady D\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.  M\u1ee4C TI\u00caU CHUNG<\/strong>
M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m S\u00e0ng l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1eb1m:                                                                    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
– Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.                                        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.  M\u1ee8C \u0110\u1ed8 T\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A D\u01af\u1ee2C S\u0128 L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG <\/strong>
C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang \u1edf 3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong v\u00e0 sau khi k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n.
1.  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong>
\u2022    C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng
\u2022    Danh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed1c
\u2022    Th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ed1c
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tham gia v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong danh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tham gia v\u00e0o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c; v\u00e0o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Trong khi k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong>
\u2022     Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh-l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1ed1c, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c\u2026)
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1eb9p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, khi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c OTC (thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n).
3. Sau khi k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n<\/strong>
\u2022    T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n
\u2022    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb danh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed1c cho t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n
\u2022    \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c
\u2022    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3
\u2022    Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf
– Sau khi \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n.
– L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111a chuy\u00ean khoa, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u201cb\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV.  C\u00c1C HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A D\u01af\u1ee2C S\u0128 L\u00c2M S\u00c0NG<\/strong>
C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m :
– T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n: <\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho b\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.
– L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cDanh m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed1c\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cDanh s\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thu\u1ed1c\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111a khoa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.
– Th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u00e1c y v\u0103n khoa h\u1ecdc; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin thu\u1ed1c cho c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
– L\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>L\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.
– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c\/nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc\/nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 y t\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c : thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc\/ gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: <\/strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
– Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng: <\/strong>L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.
– D\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc: <\/strong>D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh-hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.
– Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c: <\/strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf : nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng y t\u1ebf sao cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 sai s\u00f3t thu\u1ed1c.
–  Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n: <\/strong>Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0  gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd h\u1ecdc (Pharmacology) l\u00e0 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c bao h\u00e0m m\u1ecdi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.
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